The environment,microbes and bioremediation: microbial activities modulated by the environment

Microorganisms in nature are largely responsible for the biodegradation and removal of toxic and non-toxic chemicals. Many organisms are also known to have specific ecological niches for proliferation and colonization. The nature of the environment dictates to a large extent the biodegradability of synthetic compounds by modulating the evolutionary processes in microorganisms for new degradative genes. Similarly, environmental factors often determine the extent of microbial gene expression by activating or repressing specific gene or sets of genes through a sensory signal transduction process. Understanding how the environment modulates microbial activity is critical for successful bioremediative applications.