猴头菌多糖脱色前后理化性质及生物活性的研究

以脱色前、后的猴头菌Hericium erinaceus粗多糖为研究对象，对其多糖含量、多糖中的单糖组成、分子量分布、红外光谱等理化性质和体外免疫活性、胃粘膜损伤的修复作用进行了比较研究。结果表明，猴头菌多糖脱色后，多糖含量提高、蛋白含量下降、小分子物质大量减少、单糖种类基本不变，岩藻糖所占比例略有下降、半乳糖及葡萄糖比例略有上升，红外光谱显示，脱色后多糖中的C=O基团减少；多糖脱色后体外免疫活性显著提高（P<0.05），低浓度的未脱色多糖与模型组相比，对胃粘膜的损伤修复作用无显著性差异（P<0.05），而低浓度的脱色多糖对胃粘膜的损伤修复作用显著提高（P<0.01）。

Physicochemical properties and biological activities of decolored and not decolored polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus

The crude polysaccharides were extracted from Hericium erinaceus fruit bodies and decolored by macroporous resins. The physicochemical properties including polysaccharide content, monosaccharide composition, molecular weight distribution and infrared spectrum characteristics were compared between not decolored and decolored polysaccharides. Their immunostimulatory activities in vitro and repair effects of gastric mucosal injury in vivo were investigated. The results revealed that the contents of polysaccharide and protein were increased and decreased separately after decolorization. Some small molecular impurities were also removed significantly. Monosaccharide analysis results showed that the decolored polysaccharides had the same composition but different ratios of monosaccharide with the not decolored polysaccharides. The proportion of fucose declined slightly, but galactose and glucose ratios increased slightly after decolorization. Infrared spectra indicated that C=O groups were reduced in decolored samples. Immunostimulatory activities of decolored polysaccharides were significantly improved as compared with not decolored polysaccharides (P<0.05), and repair effects on gastric mucosal injury treated with low dose of not decolored polysaccharides were no significantly difference as compared with the model group (P<0.05), but repair effects on gastric mucosal injury treated with low dose of decolored polysaccharides were significantly improved as compared with the model group (P<0.01).