杨东山十二度水自然保护区土壤真菌群落多样性研究

通过对广东省杨东山十二度水自然保护区的土壤真菌核糖体基因内转录间隔区（rDNA-ITS）进行PCR扩增、克隆并测序，构建系统发育树，了解自然生态系统下常绿阔叶林土壤真菌的群落多样性。根据序列同源性及系统发育分析，所得95个克隆分属25个真菌分类操作单元（OTUs），其中子囊菌门13属，担子菌门6属，球囊菌门和接合菌门各1属，还有4个未知类群，分别占总数的35.8%、49.5%、1.1%、2.1%和11.5%。菱红菇Russula vesca为优势种群，占总数的34.7%，Cladophialophora chaetospira为次优势种群，占总数的14.7%，未知种1和棉革菌Tomentella sp. 1分别占7.4%和6.3%。该地区土壤真菌群落中绝大多数为菌根真菌，占总数的75.8%；其他还包括一些病原菌、木腐菌、地衣内生菌及捕食线虫真菌等。

Diversity of soil fungi in Yangdongshan Shierdushui Nature Reserve

In order to understand the diversity of soil fungal community in a broad-leaved evergreen forest, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of soil fungi in Yangdongshan Shierdushui Nature Reserve were amplified, cloned, sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. The 95 clones were divided into 25 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), among them 13 OTUs belong to Ascomycota (35.8%), 6 Basidiomycota (49.5%), 1 Glomeromycota (1.1%), 1 Zygomycota (2.1%), and 4 unknown taxa (11.6%). The largest number of the OTU is Russula vesca with high sequence similarity (99%), accounting for 34.7% of the total clones. Cladophialophora chaetospira (14.7%) ranks second. Unidentified fungus 1 (7.4%) and Tomentella sp. 1 (6.3%) are subsequent to R. vesca and C. chaetospira. Ecologically, the main portion of soil fungi from Yangdongshan Shierdushui Nature Reserve (75.8%) is plant mycorrhizal fungi. Others include pathogenic fungi, wood-rotting fungi, lichen endophytes and nematode-trapping fungi.