样线法和网捕法在机场鸟情调查中的应用比较

鸟击事件主要发生在机场范围内，对机场周边生境的鸟类组成进行调查，是制定鸟击防范对策的重要前提。国内多数机场已经开展了相关的鸟类组成调查，但是选用的调查方法却存在较大差异。以样线法和网捕法两种常用的调查方法对沈阳桃仙国际机场周边的迁徙期鸟类进行了研究，旨在比较两种调查方法在机场鸟类群落组成调查中的效果及调查的鸟类群落组成差异。结果表明：两种方法均适合机场鸟类调研，共记录到鸟类97种，网捕法记录的鸟类种数(83种vs. 57种)高于样线法，网捕法单独记录的鸟类种数(40种vs. 14种)也高于样线法。尽管两种方法每期(半个月)调查的物种数和目的数量无明显差别，但随调查强度(如调查次数)增加，网捕法累计记录到的鸟类种类明显高于样线法，且较晚达到渐近线。另外，两种方法调查记录的鸟类群落组成也具有显著的差别，如网捕法记录到较多鹌鹑和鸮形目等夜间迁徙或活动鸟类，而样线法可记录到鹭科和雁鸭类水鸟等。这说明两种调研方法在鸟类调查中有较好的互补性。因此，本研究认为机场鸟情调研时应该根据鸟情特点，选择合适的鸟类调研方法，综合采用多种调研方法可更有利于获得科学的鸟情信息。

Comparisons of line transect and mist-net capture in bird surveys applied in airports

Bird strike events mainly occur within airports. Investigating the bird composition in the surrounding habitats of airports is essential to develop strategies preventing bird strikes. Most airports have carried out related bird composition surveys, but there are significant differences in the survey methods used. In this study, the bird composition in Shenyang Taoxian International Airport was surveyed duing migration seasons using two different surveying methods:the line transect and the mist-net capture. This study intended to compare the performance on the bird detection and the species composition of the bird community between the two different methods. In total, 97 bird species were recorded, implying that both methods were operable for the survey of birds in airports. However, the number of bird species recorded by the mist-net capture was higher than that by the line transect (83 vs. 57). The number of bird species recorded solely by the mist-net was also higher than that by the line transect (40 vs. 14). There were no significant differences in the average number of the species sampled per phase (half a month). However, the cumulative numbers of bird species recorded by the mist-net were significantly larger than those recorded by the line transect with increasing investigation intensity (e.g., the number of surveys). The asymptote of the maximum of bird species was also reached later in mist-net capture than line transect. In addition, the composition of the bird community recorded by the two methods was also significantly different, such as the mist-net capture recorded more nocturnal migratory birds (e.g., quails and owls). In contrast, the line transect recorded typical waterbirds (e.g., herons and ducks). Thus, our study illustrated that the two bird-surveying methods were complementary in bird surveys in the airports. Furthermore, appropriate bird surveying methods should be selected based on the characteristics of the bird community, and a combination of different survey methods could promise to obtain more scientific data about the bird community composition.