Regulation ofHelicoverpa zea larval behavior by the parasitoidEucelatoria bryani |
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Authors: | Stuart R. Reitz and William C. Nettles Jr. |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Entomology, Clemson University, 29634-0365 Clemson, SC, USA;(2) Biological Pest Control Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 2413 East Highway 83, 78596 Weslaco, TX, USA |
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Abstract: | The parasitoidEucelatoria bryani Sabrosky regulates the larval behavior of its hostHelicoverpa zea (Boddie). Parasitized third, fourth and fifth instars burrow into the soil 0.7–3.4 days earlier than unparasitized larvae that normally enter the soil to pupate at the end of the fifth and final larval instar. Parasitized third instars molt once then burrow as fourth instars, one instar earlier than normal. WhenE. bryani pupariated on the soil surface in the field, none survived to the adult stage. However,E. bryani adults emerged from 49.2% of hosts that had burrowed into the soil. By accelerating the timing ofH. zea burrowing behavior and causing host larvae to enter the soil before death,E. bryani ensures its pupariation in an environment with improved protection against natural enemies and lethal temperatures. |
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Keywords: | Helicoverpa zea Noctuidae Lepidoptera Eucelatoria bryani Tachinidae Diptera host-parasitoid relationship host regulation |
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