Structure of human POFUT2: insights into thrombospondin type 1 repeat fold and O-fucosylation |
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Authors: | Chen Chun-I Keusch Jeremy J Klein Dominique Hess Daniel Hofsteenge Jan Gut Heinz |
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Affiliation: | Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. |
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Abstract: | Protein O-fucosylation is a post-translational modification found on serine/threonine residues of thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSR). The fucose transfer is catalysed by the enzyme protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) and 440 human proteins contain the TSR consensus sequence for POFUT2-dependent fucosylation. To better understand O-fucosylation on TSR, we carried out a structural and functional analysis of human POFUT2 and its TSR substrate. Crystal structures of POFUT2 reveal a variation of the classical GT-B fold and identify sugar donor and TSR acceptor binding sites. Structural findings are correlated with steady-state kinetic measurements of wild-type and mutant POFUT2 and TSR and give insight into the catalytic mechanism and substrate specificity. By using an artificial mini-TSR substrate, we show that specificity is not primarily encoded in the TSR protein sequence but rather in the unusual 3D structure of a small part of the TSR. Our findings uncover that recognition of distinct conserved 3D fold motifs can be used as a mechanism to achieve substrate specificity by enzymes modifying completely folded proteins of very wide sequence diversity and biological function. |
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Keywords: | crystal structure enzymatic mechanism GDP‐fucose protein O‐fucosyltransferase 2 thrombospondin type 1 repeat |
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