The ethylene-inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine restores normal nodulation by Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar. viciae on Vicia sativa subsp. nigra by suppressing the ‘Thick and short roots’ phenotype |
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Authors: | S A J Zaat A A N Van Brussel T Tak B J J Lugtenberg J W Kijne |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Leiden University, Nonnensteeg 3, NL-2311 VJ Leiden, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Nodulation of Vicia sativa subsp. nigra L. by Rhizobium bacteria is coupled to the development of thick and short roots (Tsr). This root phenotype as well as root-hair induction (Hai) and root-hair deformation (Had) are caused by a factor(s) produced by the bacteria in response to plant flavonoids. When very low inoculum concentrations (0.5–5 bacteria·ml-1) were used, V. sativa plants did not develop the Tsr phenotype and became nodulated earlier than plants with Tsr roots. Furthermore, the nodules of these plants were located on the primary root in contrast to nodules on Tsr roots, which were all located at sites of lateral-root emergence. The average numbers of nodules per plant were not significantly different for these two types of nodulation. Root-growth inhibition and Hai, but not Had, could be mimicked by ethephon, and inhibited by aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG). Addition of AVG to co-cultures of Vicia sativa and the standard inoculum concentration of 5·105 bacteria·ml-1 suppressed the development of the Tsr phenotype and restored nodulation to the pattern that was observed with very low concentrations of bacteria (0.5–5 bacteria·ml-1). The delay in nodulation on Tsr roots appeared to be caused by the fact that nodule meristems did not develop on the primary root, but only on the emerging laterals. The relationship between Tsr, Hai, Had, and nodulation is discussed.Abbreviations AVG
aminoethoxyvinylglycine
- cfu
colonyforming units
- Had
root-hair deformation
- Hai
root-hair induction
- NB
naringenin-bacteria filtrate
- Tsr
Thick and short roots |
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Keywords: | Ethylene inhibitor and nodulation Nodulation (Vicia root) Rhizobium Root-hair deformation Vicia (root nodulation) |
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