外来种米草的生态功能评价与控制

米草是禾本科米草属多年生植物 ,对高盐淤泥质滩涂具有高度生态适应性。本文综述了米草作为外来入侵种对一些国家和地区的环境影响及其生态控制措施。一方面 ,米草的种群爆发严重威胁当地生物多样性 ,阻碍社会、经济的可持续发展 ;另一方面 ,米草的抵御海岸侵蚀和促淤造陆功能在全球变化引起未来海平面上升的背景下具有重要意义。米草的生态控制以化学措施最为快速有效 ,但可能污染环境。物理措施工程量大 ,适合于小面积米草控制。生物防治最有发展前景 ,但目前应用不理想 ,且容易引起次生生物入侵。 3S技术、种群扩散和增长模型以及长期监测系统等已经被应用于米草生态控制。最后就加强米草生态控制的基础研究和如何提高米草生态控制水平提出了若干建议

Function assessment and ecological controls on alien species cordgrass

Cordgrasses (Spartina spp.), perennial plant species belonging to genus Spartina of Family Graminoae, mainly grow in coastal salt and muddy intertidal flats. In this paper, the recent progresses in assessing cordgrass ecological functions and population expansion controlling were reviewed. As alien invasive species, cordgrass species, on one hand, were now threatening local biodiversity and further influencing social-economic sustainable development in many regions and countries. On the other hand, they played important roles in preventing coastal erosion and accelerating silt deposition, and this positive function should be emphasized especially under the condition of future sea level rising resulted from global warming. Among the ecological measures of controlling cordgrass expansion, chemical herbicide can eliminate large area of cordgrass community rapidly, but with possible side effects of soil pollution. Physical measures are too costly to be appropriate to large community. Biocontrol looks promising, but it does not work well until now and it will cause secondary biological invasion. Moreover, 3S (GPS, RS and GIS) technology, mathematical models of population growth and dispersal, and long-term monitoring systems have been employed in smooth cordgrass monitoring and controlling. We finally proposed several suggestions on how to strengthen fundamental research for ecological control and how to assess cordgrass ecosystem benefits.