玉米隐性核不育突变体ms14的遗传分析与基因定位

玉米雄性不育材料是一种宝贵的种质资源，不育基因的遗传分析与定位研究对玉米分子育种和杂种优势利用具有重要价值。通过对从美国引进的玉米雄性不育突变体材料ms14进行雄花育性鉴定和花药I₂-KI染色，表明该突变体是无花粉型雄性不育；通过不育突变体ms14与正常自交系郑58、昌7-2杂交获得F₁，然后自交构建两个F₂遗传分离群体（ms14×郑58和ms14×昌7-2），并进行雄花育性调查、数据统计和遗传分析，发现可育株数与不育株数的分离比是3∶1，表明该突变体由隐性单基因控制；通过SSR等分子标记与不育位点的连锁分析，将ms14基因定位在玉米第1染色体的SSR标记umc2025和umc1676之间，遗传距离分别是2.2cM和0.3cM。对玉米不育基因ms14的遗传分析和初步定位，为该基因的精细定位和克隆、不育机理的解析及其产业化应用奠定了基础。

Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of Recessive Genic Male Sterility14 (ms14) Mutant in Maize

Maize (Zea mays L.) genic male sterility mutant lines are one kind of elite germplasm, which is helpful to genetics and breeding research and hybrid production in maize. A maize genic male sterility mutant, male sterility14 (ms14) was preliminary studied. Firstly, phenotypical analysis and I₂-KI dyeing of ms14 tassels and anthers showed that ms14 mutant is completely pollen sterile and exerts no anthers. Secondly, genetic analysis using two F₂ segregation populations of ms14 (ms14×zheng58 and ms14×chang7-2), the ratio of fertile to sterile plants is 3 to 1, which shows that the ms14 mutant is controlled by a recessive genic male sterility gene. Thirdly, through the linkage analysis between ms14 locus and molecular markers in the F₂ segregation populations of ms14 (ms14×chang7-2), the ms14 gene is roughly mapped to an interval on Chromosome 1 between SSR markers umc2025 and umc1676, with the genetic distance of 2.2 cM and 0.3 cM, respectively. Finally, the potential application value of the ms14 gene in maize hybrid breeding and production is discussed.