转基因抗虫棉在中国的推广和传播途径研究

转基因抗虫棉是中国商业化应用最成功的转基因作物，已有许多研究对转基因棉花种植的成本效益和农户生产决策的影响因素进行了深入分析，但对其具体推广过程缺乏足够了解。通过小组访谈和创新树的分析方法，以转基因抗虫棉为例，对转基因生物技术在我国的推广和传播途径开展了研究。研究发现，种业公司转基因作物种子的生产能力直接影响转基因作物的初始规模，来自政府研究机构和种业公司的技术推广者在转基因生物技术的扩散过程中都起着重要作用，公共农技推广服务对于宣传相关信息和知识尤为重要，社会资本也有助于转基因抗虫棉在中国的快速传播和采用。研究结论对推进我国公共农技推广体系改革、完善多元社会化服务主体协作及生物技术研发具有重要启示作用。

Adoption and Uptake Pathway of Bt Cotton by Chinese Smallholders

Bt cotton is well reported as a successful case of biotechnology adoption in China, the literature on farmer adoption of Bt cotton is generally on the socio-economic benefits experienced by farmers while not much has been studied on the adoption process itself. Based on the tools of focus group discussion and innovation tree, the adoption and uptake pathways of Bt cotton among smallholders in China were analyzed and the roles of different stakeholders were identified. The results showed that, to facilitate the rapid diffusion of GM technology to farmers, both public and private sectors can play important roles. First, the ability of seed companies to generate enough seed for the market after the approval of a biotech crop affects the scale of initial adoption or the number of farmers who can plant new crop; Secondly, technology developers from either public research institutions or biotech companies are important facilitators in the initial diffusion of biotechnology. Thirdly, having a good local technology extension and training service is critical to disseminating appropriate information and knowledge to farmers so that they can fully benefit from the new technology. Lastly, improving the social network of farmers can facilitate the rapid adoption and pathways of Bt cotton diffusion.