北京山区的栎林

 本文叙述了北京山区的主要栎林——辽东栎林、槲栎林、槲树林和栓皮栎林的群落学特征。栎林是由温带植物区系所组成的落叶阔叶林。组成栎林的植物以菊科、蔷薇科、禾本科和豆科植物种类为最丰富。在群落结构中有重要作用的植物，乔木层以壳斗科的栎属为主，灌木层以蔷薇科的绣线菊属、李属、豆科的胡枝子属，马鞭草科的荆条属和虎耳草科的溲疏属占有重要地位。草本层常以莎草科的苔草属，禾本科的隐子草属、大油芒属、野古草属和白草属植物为优势种或常见种。栎林的植物生活型谱，从种类成分分析是以地面芽植物为主，高位芽植物次之，地下芽植物亦占一定比例，但从各类生活型植物的优势度分析，显然以高位芽植物占有优势。组成栎林植物的叶级，是以小型叶植物为主，中型叶植物次之，大型叶植物为罕见。就各类栎林种类成分的相似性分析，以槲树林与槲栎林最为相似，辽东栎林与栓皮栎林差异较大。

Oak Forest in Beijing Mountainous Area

The major types of oak forest—Quercus liaotungensis, Quercus aliena, Quercus dentata and Quercus variabilis forests in Beijing mountainous area are described. Oak forest is a kind of deciduous broadleaf forest consisted of temperate flora. The species of Compositae, Rosaceae, Graminae, Leguminosae are very rich. The plants playing an important role in plant community are Quercus spp. in tree layer, Spiraea, Prunus, Lespedeza, Vitex, Deutzia in shrub layer and Carex, Cleistogenes, Spodiopogon, Arundinella, Bothriochloa in herbaceous layer. The Hemicryptophyte is the most abundant among the various life forms, but Phanerophytes play the most important role: in the forest, The microphyll plants are very rich, the plants with mesophyll also play an important role. It is similar to Quercus dentata and Q. aliena forests. The Quercus variabilis forest is obviously different from Quercus liaotungensis forest among the oak forests.