不同碱度条件下中华水韭昼夜CO2气体交换的特征

 运用pH-drift的方法研究了在不同碱度条件下中华水韭(Isoetes sinensis)的沉水叶片昼夜CO₂吸收的特征。结果表明中华水韭的沉水叶片具有昼夜吸收水中CO₂的能力, 而不具备利用水中的HCO ₃^–的能力, 进一步证明了水生植物中华水韭的光合碳同化途径具有景天酸代谢(CAM)的特征。中华水韭沉水叶片光照条件下对水中CO₂的吸收速率在一定的浓度范围内正相关于水中的CO₂浓度。光照条件下, 中华水韭的pH-drift实验的pH补偿点分别为(8.1±0.3)和(7.9±0.1) mmol·L^–1, 最终[CT]/Alk值为(1.009±0.01)和(1.022±0.004)。碱度对中华水韭夜晚CO2的吸收速率有显著的影响(F = 38.73, p < 0.000 1)。总碱度1.70 mmol·L^–1溶液中的中华水韭沉水叶片在相对较低的CO₂浓度(0.04±0.001 mmol·L^–1)水平下即表现出对CO₂的净吸收。调查了野外一处中华水韭沉水种群的生境pH值及CO₂浓度的昼夜变化, 发现水体碱度约为1.59 mmol·L^–1, 一昼夜的pH值波动不大, 平均为(6.1±0.04), 昼夜CO₂浓度存在波动, 午夜水中的CO₂浓度是午后的近3倍。

DIURNAL CO2 EXCHANGE RATES OF THE AQUATIC CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM PLANT ISOETES SINENSIS PALMER AT DIFFERENT ALKA-LINITIES

Aims Isoetes sinensis Palmer, an endangered aquatic plant in China, possesses a CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) photosynthetic pathway in its submerged leaves. Our objectives were to investigate diurnal CO₂ exchange characteristics of submerged leaves and to examine if I. sinensis was capable of net CO₂ uptake in the dark, which was considered evidence of the CAM pathway in aquatic plants by Keeley (1998), and determine if diurnal CO₂ exchange rates were influenced by alkalinity. Results may contribute to conservation of this endangered plant by determining if high alkalinity of water sources limited population sizes. Methods We used the pH-drift technique to analyze C_T (total carbon) and CO₂ uptake at two alkalin-ities in light and dark conditions. Photosynthetic C_T/CO₂ response curves were measured at 25 °C and 210 μmol·m^–2·s^–1 and in a solution designed by Smart and Barko (1985) in which concentrations of NaHCO₃ and KHCO₃ were varied to supply different alkalinities. Leaves were placed in a small glass chamber, each containing a known volume of the solution which was stirred by a magnetic stirrer at the bottom. The pH/unit time was recorded by a pH electrode that had been calibrated at the beginning and the end of each experiment, the alkalinities of the solution was measured by Gran titration (Talling, 1973) to determine if alkalinity was constant during each experiment. Plant material was weighed after drying overnight at 80 °C. We calculated the concentration of free CO₂ and total carbon based on alka-linity, pH, conductivity and temperature according to Mackereth et al. (1978). With the calculated con-centration of C_T (or CO₂), unit time, chamber volume and amount of plant material present, a photosynthesis or net CO₂ exchange rate was obtained. For each alkalinity, the CO₂ exchange rate was then plot-ted against the mean concentration of CO₂. A covariance approach was used to check if the CO₂ exchange significantly differed at two alkalinities. Important findings Submerged leaves were capable of net CO₂ uptake in both light and dark condi-tions. The CO₂ uptake rate was a function of the concentration of CO₂ in the medium. The CO₂ uptake in dark was significantly influenced by alkalinity of the medium. Alkalinity does not seem to be a sig-nificant factor in reducing the distribution and success of this aquatic species.