常规灌溉条件下嫁接和增施氮肥对温室黄瓜耗水量及水分利用效率的影响

在日光温室内研究了常规灌溉条件下，嫁接和3种施氮水平（0、110和331 kg·hm^-2）对日光温室黄瓜耗水量和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明：在嫁接和追施氮肥331 kg·hm^-时，黄瓜耗水量最高，冬春茬和秋冬茬分别为3 350和2 181 m³·hm^-2，水分利用效率也最高，两茬口分别为27.2和36.9 kg·m^-3.在施氮量相同的情况下，嫁接黄瓜的耗水量比自根黄瓜提高3%～6%，经济产量和水分利用效率则分别提高28%和209%;随着施氮量的增加，嫁接黄瓜耗水量和水分利用效率均显著增加，自根黄瓜耗水量也随施氮量的增加而增加，但水分利用效率却在施氮110 kg·hm^-2时最高.因此，嫁接栽培可显著提高黄瓜耗水量及水分利用效率，且随着施氮量的增加而显著增加;增施氮肥也可显著提高自根黄瓜的耗水量，但氮肥增施过多则将降低自根黄瓜的水分利用效率.

Effects of graft and nitrogen supply level on water consumption and water use efficiency of solar greenhouse cucumber under traditional irrigation.

An experiment was conducted in solar greenhouse to study the effects of graft and different nitrogen (N) supply levels (0, 110, and 331 kg·hm^-2) on the water consumption and water use efficiency (WUE) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under traditional irrigation. The results showed that when topdressing 331 kg N·hm^-2, the water consumption of grafted cucumber was the highest, being 3 350 m³·hm^-2 and 2 181 m³·hm^-2 in winter-spring and autumn-winter cropping, so did the WUE, being 27.2 kg·m^-3 and 36.9 kg·m^-3, respectively. Comparing with those of self-rooted cucumber, the water consumption, economic yield, and WUE of grafted cucumber under the same N topdressing levels were increased by 3%-6%, 28%, and 20.9%, respectively, and the water consumption and WUE of grafted cucumber were increased with increasing N supply level. The water consumption of self-rooted cucumber also increased with increasing N supply level, but its WUE was the highest when the N supply was 110 kg·hm^-2. It was indicated that graft could markedly promote the water consumption and WUE of cucumber, and the effect was more markedly with increasing N supply level. To increase N supply could also markedly promote the water consumption of self-rooted cucumber, but the WUE would be lower when excessive N was supplied.