碱蒿营养器官的扫描电镜观察研究

用扫描电子显微镜对碱蒿（Artemisia anethifolia）营养器官的解剖学特征进行了观察与研究。结果表明：碱蒿属于典型的泌盐盐生植物。叶肉质化,表皮上气孔为无规则型气孔,密集下陷,有较多的盐囊泡和分杈腺毛分布,表皮细胞外壁加厚,外壁的外层角质化,为等面叶,栅栏组织细胞排列疏松,叶中央为发达的储水组织,木质部有多束维管束;茎表皮上有少许气孔,并分布有腺毛和众多盐囊泡,表皮细胞外壁加厚形成角质层,皮层宽度较小,皮层薄壁组织细胞内可见淀粉粒,中柱后生木质部为口径大的导管,原生木质部为口径小的导管,管内充满盐晶体,中间有发达的贮水薄壁细胞;根的表皮细胞排列疏松,外皮层细胞排列紧密而整齐,中部皮层薄壁细胞层数较多,细胞中贮藏有许多淀粉粒,内皮层细胞排列紧密,初生木质部导管发达,内部周围存在大量盐晶体,根的次生木质部有通气组织。这些解剖结构均表现出碱蒿具有适应盐碱、干旱生境的结构特征。

Studies on Microscopic Structure of Nutritive Organs in Artemisia anethifolia

The anatomical structure of nutritive organs in Artemisia anethifolia were studied by using scanning electron microscope. The results showed as follows： Artemisia anethifolia belonged to typical secret-salt plant. Leaves were carnification and there were many sunken irregular cryptopores 、salt vesicles and the glandular hairs of epidermal surface. The epidermal cells of leaf and stem had thick cuticle layer and thick external tangential wall. Artemisia anethifolia was isobilateral leaf. Palisade tissue cells arranged porous. There were water-storing tissues of leaf. There were several vascular bundles of xylem. There were many cryptopores 、salt vesicles and the glandular hairs of epidermal surface of stem. The number of starch grains of stem cortex cells increased distinctively. The vessel of metaxylem was big and the vessel protoxylem was small and full of salt crystals. There were many water-storing tissues of stem. Epidermal cell of root was loosen –arranged. The compactly-arranged exodermal cells of root were tidy. There were many parenchyma cells of middle cortex of root and the number of starch grains. The endodermis of root arranged compactly. The vessels of primary xylem were flourishing and full of salt crystals. There were many well-developed air passages of secondary xylem of root. Their anatomical structure showed signification to the salinity environments of salt-marsh and drought.