New intracellular components of bone morphogenetic protein/Smad signaling cascades |
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Authors: | Zwijsen An Verschueren Kristin Huylebroeck Danny |
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Affiliation: | Department of Developmental Biology (VIB7), Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. an.zwijsen@med.kuleuven.ac.be |
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Abstract: | Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate many processes in the embryo, including cell type specification, patterning, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. They also act in soft and hard tissues in adult life. Their signals are transduced from the plasma membrane to the nucleus through a limited number of Smad proteins. The list of Smad-interacting proteins is however growing and it is clear that these partners determine the outcome of the signal. We summarize the present status in BMP/Smad signaling, with emphasis on recently identified Smad partners and how these proteins may cooperate in the regulation of the expression of BMP target genes. |
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Keywords: | Bone morphogenetic protein Signal transduction Smad Transforming growth factor-β |
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