Simulated climate change impacts on fluxes of carbon in Norway spruce ecosystems along a climatic transect in Sweden |
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Authors: | Per-Erik Jansson Magnus Svensson Dan Berggren Kleja David Gustafsson |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellv?gen 28, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden 2. Department of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
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Abstract: | A simulation study based on recent regional climate scenarios for Sweden investigated possible changes in carbon (C) dynamics
and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of Swedish Norway spruce forest ecosystems. Four sites, representative of well-drained soils
in four regions, were included. Stand development was simulated for a 100-year rotation period using a coupled model describing
abiotic and biotic processes in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Two IPCC climate change scenarios, corresponding to a mean
annual temperature increase of about 2°C (A2) or 3°C (B2) from the reference period 1961–1990 to a new period 2061–2090, were
considered. Annual maximum snow depth decreased with the increase in air temperature, whereas maximum soil frost depth and
mean annual soil temperature showed only small changes, especially for the sites in northern Sweden. Simulations suggested
that in the warmer climate, gross primary production (GPP) increased by 24–32% in northern Sweden and by 32–43% in the south.
In the north, the increase was related to the combined effect of air and soil temperature extending the growing season, whereas
in the south it was mainly governed by increased N availability due to increased soil temperature. NEE increased by about
20% (A2) or 25% (B2) at all sites, more or less solely due to increased accumulation of C in the tree biomass (including harvest
residues), since changes in soil C were small compared with the current climate. Both light use efficiency and water use efficiency
were improved in the future climate scenarios, despite increases in atmospheric CO2 not being considered. |
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Keywords: | Air temperature Boreal CoupModel Net ecosystem exchange Nitrogen Soil temperature Soil frost Soil respiration |
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