The complete mitochondrial genome of the butterfly <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apatura metis</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) |
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Authors: | Min Zhang Xinping Nie Tianwen Cao Juping Wang Tao Li Xiaonan Zhang Yaping Guo Enbo Ma Yang Zhong |
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Institution: | (1) Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People’s Republic of China;(2) School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China;(3) Institute of Plant Protection, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Science Research Institute of Applied Biology, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030031, People’s Republic of China;(4) School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People’s Republic of China;(5) Institute of Biodiversity Science and Geobiology, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, People’s Republic of China;(6) Department of Immunology, Bethune Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; |
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Abstract: | As an important pest in the Slender Leaved Willow (Salix alba), Apatura metis is called Freyer’s purple emperor, and its mitochondrial genome is 15,236 bp long. The encoded genes for 22 tRNA genes, two
ribosomal RNA (rrnL and rrnS) genes, and 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and a control region in the A. metis mitochondria are highly homologous to other lepidopteran species. The mitochondrial genome of A. metis is biased toward a high A + T content (A + T = 80.5%). All protein-coding genes, except for COI begins with the CGA codon as observed in other lepidopterans, start with a typical ATN initiation codon. All tRNAs show the
classic clover-leaf structure, except that the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm of tRNA
Ser(AGN) forms a simple loop. The A. metis A + T-rich region contains some conserved structures including a structure combining the motif ‘ATAGA’ and 19 bp poly (T)
stretch, which is similar to those found in other lepidopteran mitogenomes. The phylogenetic analyses of lepidopterans based
on mitogenomes sequences demonstrate that each of the six superfamilies is monophyletic, and the relationship among them is
(((Noctuoidea + (Geometroidea + Bombycoidea)) + Pyraloidea) + Papilionoidea) + Tortricoidea. In Papilionoidea group, our conclusion
argues that ((Lycaenidae + Pieridae) + Nymphalidae) + Papilionidae. |
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