Government regulation and public opposition create high additional costs for field trials with GM crops in Switzerland |
| |
Authors: | Thomas Bernauer Theresa Tribaldos Carolin Luginbühl Michael Winzeler |
| |
Institution: | 1. ETH Zurich, Center for Comparative and International Studies and Institute for Environmental Decisions, Haldeneggsteig 4, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland 2. Agroscope/Forschungsanstalt Agroscope Reckenholz-T?nikon ART, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zürich, Switzerland
|
| |
Abstract: | Field trials with GM crops are not only plant science experiments. They are also social experiments concerning the implications of government imposed regulatory constraints and public opposition for scientific
activity. We assess these implications by estimating additional costs due to government regulation and public opposition in
a recent set of field trials in Switzerland. We find that for every Euro spent on research, an additional 78 cents were spent
on security, an additional 31 cents on biosafety, and an additional 17 cents on government regulatory supervision. Hence the
total additional spending due to government regulation and public opposition was around 1.26 Euros for every Euro spent on
the research per se. These estimates are conservative; they do not include additional costs that are hard to monetize (e.g.
stakeholder information and dialogue activities, involvement of various government agencies). We conclude that further field
experiments with GM crops in Switzerland are unlikely unless protected sites are set up to reduce these additional costs. |
| |
Keywords: | |
本文献已被 PubMed SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|