Biochemical mechanisms of neurotoxic lead activity

This article presents the latest study results on lead (Pb2+) neurotoxicity, in order to draw attention of the Polish public to the issue and initiate a nation-wide programme eliminating lead contamination effects, especially in children. We discuss the after-effect of exposure to lead in concentrations lower than presently accepted as 'safe'. The pathway of lead transport to the brain, and the effects of lead accumulation in neurons, oligodendroglia and astroglia, are examined. We also present the impairing influence of lead on the cognitive brain functions and learning abilities as a result of affecting three main neurotransmission systems: dopaminergic, cholinergic and glutaminergic. The present knowledge on the influence of lead on receptors, neutransmitter release and synaptic proteins.