Expression of Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms in the Supraspinatus Muscle of Different Primate Species: Implications for the Study of the Adaptation of Primate Shoulder Muscles to Different Locomotor Modes |
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Authors: | Josep Maria Potau Rosa Artells Gaëlle Bello Carmen Muñoz Mariano Monzó Juan Francisco Pastor Félix de Paz Mercedes Barbosa Rui Diogo Bernard Wood |
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Institution: | (1) Unit of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;(2) Department of Animal Biology, Section of Anthropology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;(3) Department of Anatomy and Radiology, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;(4) Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA |
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Abstract: | The supraspinatus muscle is a key component of the soft tissues of the shoulder. In pronograde primates, its main function,
in combination with the other rotator cuff muscles (subscapularis, infraspinatus, and teres minor), is to stabilize the glenohumeral
joint, whereas in orthograde primates it functions together with the deltoid, to elevate the upper extremity in the scapular
plane. To determine whether these functional differences are also reflected in the molecular biochemistry of the supraspinatus
muscles involved in these different locomotor modes, we used real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to analyze the expression
of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms in supraspinatus muscles from modern humans and 12 species of pronograde and orthograde
primates. The MHC expression pattern in the supraspinatus muscle of pronograde primates was consistent with its function as
a tonic and postural muscle, whereas the MHC expression pattern observed in the supraspinatus muscle of nonhuman orthograde
primates was that of a muscle that emphasizes speed, strength, and less resistance to fatigue. These findings are consistent
with the role of the supraspinatus in the posture and locomotor modes of these groups of nonhuman primates. The humans included
in the study had an expression pattern similar to that of the nonhuman orthograde primates. In conclusion, molecular analysis
of skeletal muscles via RT-PCR can contribute to a better understanding of the morphological and functional characteristics
of the primate musculoskeletal system. |
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