模拟增温对青海湖鸟岛土壤微生物的影响

【背景】土壤微生物对其生存的微环境变化极为敏感,鸟岛作为湖滨湿地,对气候变化具有敏感性,但目前关于青海湖鸟岛的土壤微生物鲜有研究。【目的】探究气候变暖后青海湖鸟岛土壤微生物群落特征的变化。【方法】利用开顶箱模拟增温,通过高通量测序方法了解温度升高后土壤细菌及真菌的群落结构以及多样性的变化情况。【结果】温度的升高并未改变青海湖鸟岛土壤微生物的优势菌群,细菌优势菌群为变形菌门和酸杆菌门;真菌优势菌门为子囊菌门,优势菌纲为座囊菌纲。但增温改变了土壤微生物的群落结构,显著升高了拟杆菌门、蓝细菌门、Patescibacteria及球囊菌纲的相对丰度,显著降低了锤舌菌纲的相对丰度。土壤微生物群落的多样性指数也发生了变化,温度上升后微生物的ACE指数及Chao1指数均降低,细菌的Simpson指数及真菌的Shannon指数降低。【结论】青海湖鸟岛土壤微生物对温度升高的响应明显,增温改变了土壤细菌拟杆菌门、蓝细菌门、Patescibacteria的相对丰度及真菌的球囊菌纲、锤舌菌纲的相对丰度,降低了土壤微生物的多样性。

Effect of simulated warming on soil microorganism of bird island in Qinghai lake

[Background] Soil microorganisms are very sensitive to the changes of the microenvironment where they live. Bird island, as a lakeside wetland, is sensitive to climate change. However, there are few studies on soil microorganisms at bird island in Qinghai lake. [Objective] In order to explore the changes of soil microbial community characteristics in the bird island of Qinghai lake after climate warming. [Methods] Open-top chamber simulation was used to understand the community structure and diversity changes of soil bacteria and fungi after temperature rise through high-throughput sequencing method. [Results] The increase in temperature did not change the dominant microbial flora of soil microorganisms in bird island of Qinghai lake. The dominant bacterial flora was Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria; the dominant fungi were Ascomycota. Temperature increase changed the soil microbial community structure, significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Patescibacteria and Cystobasidiomycetes, and significantly reduced the relative abundance of Leotiomycetes. The diversity index of the soil microbial community has changed. After the temperature rises, the ACE index and Chao1 index of the microorganisms decrease, and the Simpson index of bacteria and Shannon index of fungi decrease. [Conclusion] Soil microorganisms respond significantly to temperature rise, and the community structure and diversity of microorganisms have changed since temperature rise.