基于IAD框架的国外流域生态补偿制度规则与启示

流域生态补偿是改善流域生态环境和流域水资源利用方式、推进生态文明建设的重要制度工具。制度由规则构成，流域生态补偿应该包括哪些规则以及这些规则采取何种形式会对实施补偿的最终结果产生重要影响。应用制度分析与发展（IAD）框架的规则分类讨论流域生态补偿的规则安排，旨在更加深刻地理解规则在流域生态补偿项目中发挥重要作用。介绍了作为理论基础的IAD框架应用规则，运用系统评价法对国外流域生态补偿案例的文献进行回顾，总结归纳一组成功的流域生态补偿制度所具备的特定规则，基于这组规则为我国建立可复制、可推广的流域生态补偿提供借鉴与启示，以期能将流域生态补偿的制度优势转化为流域生态资源的治理效能。

Rules in payments for watershed services abroad based on IAD framework and its enlightenments to China

Payments for watershed services (PWS) are important institutional tools for improving the environment of basin and the way of using water resources, and for building an ecological civilization. Institution consists of rules. What rules should be included in PWS and what form these rules take will have a significant impact on the final outcomes of implementing PWS. The paper applies the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework''s rule classification to discuss the arrangement of rules for PWS with the aim of promoting the understanding that rules play an important role in those schemes. First, the generic rules of the IAD framework as the theoretical basis are introduced, followed by a review of the literature on overseas cases using the systematic reviews method. Then this paper formulates a set of PWS specific rules. Finally, based on this set of rules, it provides reference and inspiration for the establishment of replicable and scalable PWS in China, in order to transform the institutional advantages into effective governance of ecological resources in watersheds.