灵昆岛东滩潮间带大型底栖动物功能群及营养等级构成

2003年11月至2004年8月，在温州湾的灵昆岛东滩针对大型底栖动物群落进行了取样调查，利用调查数据进行功能群和营养等级构成研究。共得到大型底栖动物33种，隶属7门8纲21科，主要为软体动物、节肢动物甲壳类和环节动物多毛类。其中，高潮带25种，中潮带30种，低潮带14种。Margalef物种丰富度指数和Shannon—Weiner多样性指数均表现为：高潮带〉中潮带〉低潮带；Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数表现为：高潮带〈中潮带〈低潮带。定性取样得到的浮游生物食者4种，植食者12种，肉食者8种，杂食者7种，碎屑食者2种，定量取样得到的分别为：3，8，5，3种和2种。定量取样获得数据中各个功能群种类数和密度季节间差异均不显著，不考虑季节变化因素肉食者和植食者密度在潮带间存在差异，杂食者和植食者种类数在潮带间存在差异，其他功能群密度和种类数数据在潮带间的差异不显著。研究显示了功能群的生境梯度变化，高潮带主导的功能群为肉食者，植食者和浮游生物食者；中潮带主导的功能群为肉食者和浮游生物食者；低潮带主导的功能群为肉食者，这些变化反映了不同潮带营养等级构成和食物来源的差异，由于生境中能提供的植物沿着高潮带，中潮带和低潮带方向递减，至低潮带未发现植食者；且由于中潮带的生境最为复杂，其功能群的构成也最为复杂；3个潮带的碎屑食者数量比较稳定。大型底栖动物群落与其食物来源一起共有4个营养等级，其中大型底栖动物占据了第2、3、4级，第1级主要碎屑、浮游生物和植物，第2级包括了碎屑食者、浮游生物食者和植食者，第3级主要是杂食者，第4级是肉食者，各个营养级、食物来源之间构成一张复杂的食物网。

The trophic functional groups and trophic levels of the macrobenthic community at the east tidal flat of Lingkun Island

A total of 33 taxa, including 21 families, 8 classes and 7 phyla, were found at the eastern tidal flat of Lingkun Island, Wenzhou Bay. Most of them were mollusks, crustaceans and polychaetes. The species numbers found at 3 tidal flats (high, middle and low) were 25, 30 and 14, respectively. It was shown that the high tidal flat had the highest value of diversity indices, followed by middle and low tidal flats. The species belonged to 5 different trophic functional groups: Phytophagous, Camivorous, Omnivorous, Planktophagous and Detritivorous in qualitative samplings. Then 3, 8, 5, 3 and 2 species belonged to Planktophagous, Phytophagous, Camivorous, Omnivorous and Detritivorous groups, respectively, in quantitative samplings. The density and species number of each functional group did not display seasonal variation by the two-way ANOVA method. Regardless of seasonal variation, density of the Phytophagous group and Camivorous group had distinct difference among different zones of tidal flats, and the species number of the Phytophagous group and Omnivorous group had obvious difference among different zones of tidal flats. Results show that there was variation of functional groups among habitats. Change in components of the macrobenthic community reflected different food sources in different zones of tidal flats.