Dose estimation for astronauts using dose conversion coefficients calculated with the PHITS code and the ICRP/ICRU adult reference computational phantoms |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Tatsuhiko?SatoEmail author Akira?Endo Lembit?Sihver Koji?Niita |
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Institution: | (1) Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4, Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan;(2) Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden;(3) Roanoke College, 221 College Lane, Salem, VA 24153, USA;(4) Research Organization for Information Science and Technology, 2-4, Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan |
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Abstract: | Absorbed-dose and dose-equivalent rates for astronauts were estimated by multiplying fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients
in the units of Gy.cm2 and Sv.cm2, respectively, and cosmic-ray fluxes around spacecrafts in the unit of cm−2 s−1. The dose conversion coefficients employed in the calculation were evaluated using the general-purpose particle and heavy
ion transport code system PHITS coupled to the male and female adult reference computational phantoms, which were released
as a common ICRP/ICRU publication. The cosmic-ray fluxes inside and near to spacecrafts were also calculated by PHITS, using
simplified geometries. The accuracy of the obtained absorbed-dose and dose-equivalent rates was verified by various experimental
data measured both inside and outside spacecrafts. The calculations quantitatively show that the effective doses for astronauts
are significantly greater than their corresponding effective dose equivalents, because of the numerical incompatibility between
the radiation quality factors and the radiation weighting factors. These results demonstrate the usefulness of dose conversion
coefficients in space dosimetry. |
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