Carbohydrate phenotyping of human and animal milk glycoproteins |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Anki?GustafssonEmail author Imre?Kacskovics Michael?E?Breimer Lennart?Hammarstr?m Jan?Holgersson |
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Institution: | (1) Departments of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg;(2) Departments of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg;(3) Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent Istv’n University, Budapest;(4) Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden;(5) Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden |
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Abstract: | Breast-milk has a well-known anti-microbial effect, which is in part due to the many different carbohydrate structures expressed. This renders it a position as a potential therapeutic for treatment of infection by different pathogens, thus avoiding the drawbacks of many antibiotics. The plethora of carbohydrate epitopes in breast-milk is known to differ between species, with human milk expressing the most complex one. We have investigated the expression of protein-bound carbohydrate epitopes in milk from man, cow, goat, sheep, pig, horse, dromedary and rabbit. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and the presence of carbohydrate epitopes on milk proteins were analysed by Western blotting using different lectins and carbohydrate-specific antibodies. We show that ABH, Lewis (Le)x, sialyl-Lex, Lea, sialyl-Lea and Leb carbohydrate epitopes are expressed mainly on man, pig and horse milk proteins. The blood group precursor structure H type 1 is expressed in all species investigated, while only pig, dromedary and rabbit milk proteins carry H type 2 epitopes. These epitopes are receptors for Helicobacter pylori (Leb and sialyl-Lex), enteropathogenic (H type 1, Lea and Lex) and enterotoxic Escherichia coli (heat-stable toxin; H type 1 and 2), and Campylobacter jejuni (H type 2). Thus, milk from these animals or their genetically modified descendants could have a therapeutic effect by inhibiting pathogen colonization and infection.
Published in 2005. |
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Keywords: | milk proteins carbohydrate epitopes pathogens |
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