Bioprospecting for novel oxylipins in fungi: The presence of 3-hydroxy oxylipins in Pilobolus |
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Authors: | JLF Kock T Strauss CH Pohl DP Smith PJ Botes EE Pretorius T Tepeny O Sebolai A Botha S Nigam |
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Institution: | (1) UNESCO MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Orange Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa;(2) Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa;(3) Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre Benjamin Franklin, Free University Berlin D-, 12200 Berlin, Germany |
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Abstract: | As previously found in various members of the Mucorales, 3-hydroxy oxylipins in Mucor genevensis are associated with the sporangia, i.e. mainly the columella structure and between aggregating sporangiospores. To determine if this phenomenon is also true in distantly related members, the mucoralean fungus Pilobolus was examined. This fungus is characterized by relatively large sub sporangial-columella structures which actively eject sporangia in a sticky liquid for attachment onto herbage surrounding its growth medium – in this case horse dung. Strikingly, this fungus produced a novel oxylipin i.e. a 3-hydroxy monounsaturated fatty acid, possibly a nonenoic acid, which is mainly associated with the sub sporangial-columella structure and aggregating sporangiospores. The specificity of the antibody against 3-hydroxy oxylipins used in immunofluorescence mapping of the mucoralean fungi, was further confirmed in the yeast, Saccharomycopsis malanga which produces 3-hydroxy palmitate in crystal form. These crystals occur between aggregating yeast cells. On the basis of the available data, we hypothesize that 3-hydroxy oxylipins probably function as adhesives, attaching fungal cells to each other or to other surfaces through entropic based hydrophobic forces and/or hydrogen bonds. |
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Keywords: | 3-hydroxy oxylipins immunofluorescence microscopy Pilobolus Saccharomycopsis malanga |
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