海平面上升影响下长江口滨海湿地脆弱性评价

研究滨海湿地对气候变化的响应，评估气候变化对其影响，并提出切实可行的应对策略，是保障海岸带生态系统安全的重要前提.本研究以长江口滨海湿地为对象，采用“源-途径-受体-影响”模型和IPCC脆弱性定义分析了气候变化引起的海平面上升对滨海湿地生态系统的主要影响.构建了基于海平面上升速率、地面沉降速率、生境高程、生境淹水阈值和沉积速率为指标的脆弱性评价指标体系.在GIS平台上量化各脆弱性指标，计算脆弱性指数并分级，建立了海平面上升影响下滨海湿地生态系统脆弱性的定量空间评估方法，实现了在不同海平面上升情景（近30年长江口沿海平均海平面上升速率和IPCC排放情景特别报告中的A₁F₁情景）和时间尺度（2030和2050年）下，长江口滨海湿地生态系统脆弱性的定量空间评价.结果表明： 在近30年长江口平均海平面上升速率（0.26 cm·a^-1）情景下，至2030年，研究区轻度脆弱和中度脆弱的滨海湿地分别占6.6%和0.1%；至2050年，轻度脆弱和中度脆弱的滨海湿地分别占9.8%和0.2%.在A₁F₁ （0.59 cm·a^-1）情景下，至2030年，轻度脆弱和中度脆弱的滨海湿地面积比例分别为9.0%和0.1%；至2050年，轻度脆弱、中度脆弱和高度脆弱的面积比例分别为9.5%、1.0%和0.3%.

Vulnerability assessment on the coastal wetlands in the Yangtze Estuary under sea-level rise.

To study the response of coastal wetlands to climate change, assess the impacts of climate change on the coastal wetlands and formulate feasible and practical mitigation strategies are the important prerequisite for securing coastal ecosystems. In this paper, the possible impacts of sea level rise caused by climate change on the coastal wetlands in the Yangtze Estuary were analyzed by the Source Pathway Receptor Consequence (SPRC) model and IPCC definition on the vulnerability. An indicator system for vulnerability assessment was established, in which sea level rise rate, subsidence rate, habitat elevation, inundation threshold of habitat and sedimentation rate were selected as the key indicators. A quantitatively spatial assessment method based on the GIS platform was established by quantifying each indicator, calculating the vulnerability index and grading the vulnerability index for the assessment of coastal wetlands in the Yangtze Estuary under the scenarios of sea-level rise. The vulnerability assessments on the coastal wetlands in the Yangtze Estuary in 2030 and 2050 were performed under two sea level rise scenarios (the present sea level rise trend over recent 30 years and IPCC A₁F₁ scenario). The results showed that with the projection in 2030 under the present trend of sea-level rise (0.26 cm·a^-1), 6.6% and 0.1% of the coastal wetlands were in the low and moderate vulnerabilities, respectively; and in 2050, 9.8% and 0.2% of the coastal wetlands were in low and moderate vulnerabilities, respectively. With the projection in 2030 under the A₁F₁ scenario (0.59 cm·a^-1), 9.0% and 0.1% of the coastal wetlands were in the low and moderate vulnerabilities, respectively; and in 2050, 9.5%, 1.0% and 0.3% of the coastal wetlands were in the low, moderate and high vulnerabilities, respectively.