贵州稻种资源遗传多样性研究现状与展望

贵州稻种资源遗传多样性的研究与利用已取得较大进展.主要表现在(1)收集整理了地方稻种5168份并入国家种质库长期保存,系统完成其农艺性状和特性的鉴定与评价,筛选出一批矮秆、大穗、大粒、优质、特种稻、抗病虫、抗衰以及耐冷、抗旱性突出的优异种质;(2)研究表明,品种多样性是环境对品种的选择和品种对环境的适应双向作用的环境同化产物,在贵州高原低温高湿寡照生境下形成禾类和旱稻等种质资源;(3)开展了地方稻种中细胞质雄性不育恢复源、非sd-1基因新矮源、广亲和、双(多)胚等特性有利基因资源的鉴定和筛选;(4)明确了收集品种的类型及其保存途径,建立以基础样品、活动样品和核心样品的分类数据库为基础的资源信息管理系统.对推动研究工作的深入发展等问题展开了讨论.

Progress and prospects of research and utilization on genetic diversity of rice germplasm in Guizhou

Rice germplasm resources in Guizhou are rich in genetic diversity with relatively large variation of biological characters and various types from evolution and artificial selection.Being evaluated and sorted systematically and comprehensively with the multi-disciplinary sciences,5168 traditional varieties,collected from 79 counties of Guizhou,accounting for about 10% of the total in China,were regenerated and sent to the National Bank of Crops Germplasm Resources at Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)for long-term storage.There were some elite types including semi-dwarf, big panicle,big grain,high quality,cold and drought tolerance,resistance to diseases and pests.Other special elite types characterized by restoring to CMS,wide compatibility,and poly-embryonic seedlings were also screened out.Database for base and core collection was established to facilitate the uhilization of rice germplasm resources.