Toxoplasma gondii RH Ankara: production of evolving tachyzoites using a novel cell culture method |
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| Authors: | Değirmenci Aysu Döşkaya Mert Caner Ayşe Ciçek Candan Korkmaz Metin Gürüz Yüksel Uner Ahmet |
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| Affiliation: | aLaboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;bDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland;cDivision of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;dDepartment of Chemistry & Biochemistry, North Dakota State U., Fargo, ND 58108, USA |
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| Abstract: | Nitric oxide (NO) and NO-derived reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are present in the food vacuole (FV) of Plasmodium falciparum trophozoites. The product of PFL1555w, a putative cytochrome b5, localizes in the FV membrane, similar to what was previously observed for the product of PF13_0353, a putative cytochrome b5 reductase. These two gene products may contribute to NO generation by denitrification chemistry from nitrate and/or nitrite present in the erythrocyte cytosol. The possible coordination of NO to heme species present in the food vacuole was probed by resonance Raman spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data revealed that in situ generated NO interacts with heme inside the intact FVs to form ferrous heme nitrosyl complexes that influence intra-vacuolar heme solubility. The formation of heme nitrosyl complexes within the FV is a previously unrecognized factor that could affect the equilibrium between soluble and crystallized heme within the FV in vivo. |
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| Keywords: | Protozoa Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Nitric oxide Heme Hemozoin Antimalarials Food vacuole |
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