Hyaluronic acid: a natural biopolymer with a broad range of biomedical and industrial applications |
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Authors: | Grigorij Kogan Ladislav Šoltés Robert Stern Peter Gemeiner |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia;(2) Institute of Experimental Pharmacology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;(3) Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0511, USA |
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Abstract: | Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan, HA) is a linear polysaccharide formed from disaccharide units containing N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and glucuronic acid. It has a high molecular mass, usually in the order of millions of Daltons, and interesting
viscoelastic properties influenced by its polymeric and polyelectrolyte characteristics. HA is present in almost all biological
fluids and tissues. In clinical medicine, it is used as a diagnostic marker for many diseases including cancer, rheumatoid
arthritis and liver pathologies, as well as for supplementation of impaired synovial fluid in arthritic patients by means
of intra-articular injections. It is also used in certain ophthalmological and otological surgeries and cosmetic regeneration
and reconstruction of soft tissue. Herein we present an overview of the occurrence and physiological properties of HA, as
well as of the recent advances in production biotechnology and preparation of the HA-based materials for medical application. |
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Keywords: | Arthritis Degradation Hyaluronan Reactive oxygen species Tissue regeneration Viscosity |
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