Phylogenetic assessment and biogeographic analyses of tribe <Emphasis Type="Italic">Peracarpeae</Emphasis> (Campanulaceae) |
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Authors: | Zhuo Zhou Jun Wen Guodong Li Hang Sun |
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Institution: | (1) Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, People’s Republic of China;(2) Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA;(3) Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China; |
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Abstract: | Peracarpeae is a small tribe consisting of three genera: Homocodon, Heterocodon and Peracarpa, with a disjunct distribution between eastern Asia and western North America. Homocodon is endemic to southwestern China and was previously placed in the western North American genus Heterocodon. Our phylogenetic analysis using four plastid markers (matK, atpB, rbcL and trnL-F) suggests the polyphyly of Peracarpeae. Homocodon is sister to a clade consisting of the eastern Asian Adenophora, Hanabusaya and species of Campanula from the Mediterranean region and North America, rather than forming a clade with Heterocodon. Homocodon and its Eurasia relatives are estimated to have diverged in the early Miocene (16.84 mya, 95% HPD 13.35–21.45 mya). The eastern
Asian Peracarpa constitutes a clade with the North American Heterocodon, Githopsis and three species of Campanula, supporting a disjunction between eastern Asia and North America in Campanulaceae. The Asian-North American disjunct lineages
diverged in the early Miocene (16.17 mya, 95% HPD 13.12–20.9 mya). The biogeographic analyses suggest that Homocodon may be a relict of an early radiation in eastern Asia, and that Peracarpa and its closest North American relatives most likely originated from a Eurasian ancestor. |
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