Early development and larval behaviour of two clingfishes, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lepadogaster purpurea</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lepadogaster lepadogaster</Emphasis> (Pisces: Gobiesocidae) |
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Authors: | I Tojeira A M Faria S Henriques C Faria E J Gonçalves |
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Institution: | 1.Eco-Ethology Research Unit, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada,Lisboa,Portugal;2.Task Group For Maritime Affairs,Pa?o de Arcos,Portugal;3.Centro de Oceanografia,Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa,Lisboa,Portugal;4.Centro de Investiga??o em Educa??o,Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa,Lisboa,Portugal |
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Abstract: | The recent revision on the taxonomic status of Lepadogaster lepadogaster resulted in the division of this species into L. lepadogaster and L. purpurea, the clarification of each species’ distribution ranges and the elimination of L. zebrina (now in synonymy with L. lepadogaster). This new taxonomic status led to the need of clarifying the early development of the two species. Embryonic development
lasted 21 days in L. purpurea at a mean temperature of 14.2°C, and 16 days in L. lepadogaster at a mean temperature of 16.5°C. Newly hatched larvae of both species measured 5.2 mm, had the mouth and anus opened, pigmented
eyes and almost no yolk. At hatching and throughout development the two species can be distinguished by the ventral pigmentation
which is absent in L. purpurea. The change to a benthic mode of life was gradual in both species, with larvae increasingly spending more time close to the
bottom until definitely settling. Larval development lasted 33 days in L. purpurea at a mean temperature of 14.6°C and 18 days in L. lepadogaster at a mean temperature of 16.5°C. Locomotion and foraging behaviours are described for both species. L. lepadogaster showed a higher frequency of swimming and foraging behaviour when compared with L. purpurea. |
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