Intact Phospholipid and Quinone Biomarkers to Assess Microbial Diversity and Redox State in Microbial Mats |
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Authors: | Laura Villanueva Javier del Campo Ricardo Guerrero Roland Geyer |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;(2) UFZ Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig-Halle, Germany;(3) Present address: NIOZ, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands;(4) Present address: Institut de Ciencies del Mar, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain;(5) Present address: Applied Biosystems Europe B.V. (part of Life Technologies), MSS Support, Grundstrasse 10, 6343 Rotkreuz, Switzerland |
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Abstract: | Microbial mats are stratified microbial communities composed by highly inter-related populations and therefore are frequently
chosen as model systems to study diversity and ecophysiological strategies. The present study describes an integrated approach
to analyze microbial quinones and intact polar lipids (IPLs) in microbial mats within layers as thin as 500 μm by liquid chromatography–tandem
mass spectrometry. Quinone profiles revealed important depth-related differences in community composition in two mat systems.
The higher abundance of ubiquinones, compared to menaquinones, reflected the clear predominance of microorganisms belonging
to aerobic α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria in Ebro delta estuarine mats. Hypersaline photosynthetic Camargue mats (France) showed
a predominance of menaquinone-9 at the top of the mat, which is consistent with an important contribution of facultative aerobic
or anaerobic bacteria in its photic zone. Quinone indices also indicated a higher diversity of non-phototrophs and a more
anaerobic character in the hypersaline mats. Besides, the dissimilarity index suggested that the samples were greatly influenced
by a depth-related redox state gradient. In the analysis of IPLs, there was a predominance of phosphatidylglycerols and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols,
the latter being an abundant biomarker of Cyanobacteria. This combined approach based on quinone and IPL analysis has proven
to be a useful method to establish differences in the microbial diversity and redox state of highly structure microbial mat
systems at a fine-scale level. |
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