Phylogenetic and physiological characterization of organic waste-degrading bacterial communities |
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Authors: | Juliana Cardinali-Rezende Ana M M Moraes Luis F D B Colturato Eduardo V Carneiro Ivanildo E Marriel Edmar Chartone-Souza Andréa M A Nascimento |
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Institution: | 1.Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,Belo Horizonte,Brazil;2.Defesa Florestal Limitada—DEFLOR/LTDA,Belo Horizonte,Brazil;3.Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,Belo Horizonte,Brazil;4.Laboratório de Microbiologia e Bioquímica do Solo, Embrapa Milho e Sorgo,Sete Lagoas,Brazil |
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Abstract: | One of the greatest challenges in contemporary society is to reduce and treat household solid waste. The choice of inoculum
to be used for start-up in reactors that degrade organic waste is critical to the success of organic waste treatment. In this
study, the functional diversity, phylogenetic identification, and biogas production of bacterial communities from six inoculum
sources were investigated. We used BIOLOG EcoPlates to evaluate the metabolic abilities of the bacterial communities, followed
16S rRNA gene sequence analysis to determine the phylogenetic affiliation of the bacteria responsible for carbon consumption.
We observed great diversity in the physiological profiles. Of the six inocula tested, the sludge from an upflow anaerobic
sludge blanket reactor (SRU) contained the most diverse, metabolically versatile microbiota and was characterized by the highest
level of biogas production. By contrast, the sludge of the anaerobic lagoon (SAL) showed the worst performance in BIOLOG EcoPlates
assays, but it exhibited the most diversity and generated the second largest amount of biogas. The bacterial isolates retrieved
from BIOLOG EcoPlates were characterized as aerobic and/or facultative anaerobic, and were mainly Gram-negative. Phylogenetic
analysis revealed that the isolates belonged to three major phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, represented
by 33 genera. Proteobacteria exhibited the most diversity. The distribution of the bacterial genera differed considerably
among the six inocula. Pseudomonas and Bacillus, which are able to degrade a wide range of proteins and carbohydrates, predominated in five of the six inocula. Analysis
of the bacterial communities in this study indicates that both SRU and SAL microbiota are candidates for start-up inocula
in anaerobic reactors. These start-up inocula must be studied further in order to identify their practical applications in
degrading organic waste. |
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