Induction of stress metabolites in immobilized Glycyrrhiza echinata cultured cells

Transfer into a fresh medium or immobilization by entrapment in calcium alginate gels of cultured Glycyrrhiza echinata cells caused a rapid and transient accumulation of a retrochalcone, echinatin, in both the cells and the medium. The higher level and longer duration of echinatin production was observed in the immobilized cells than in freely suspended cells. Transfer of the cells into the medium containing either sodium alginate or calcium chloride, and the addition of sodium alginate into the suspension culture, caused the same effect as observed in cell immobilization. A novel metabolite was also detected in the induced cells. Activities of the enzymes involved in echinatin biosynthesis were shown to rapidly increase by immobilization of the cells.Abbreviations IAA indole-3-acetic acid - LMT S-adenosylmethionine: licodione 2-O-methyltransferase - CHS chalcone synthase