老龄化引起的脂肪组织重新分布与代谢功能障碍

在生物的一生中，脂肪总量以及脂肪组织分布变化很大。在老龄阶段，脂肪组织从皮下转移到腹部内脏、骨髓、肌肉、肝脏和其他的异位位点，引发脂肪功能障碍。脂肪的异位沉积增加了代谢综合征发生的危险。随着年龄的增加，前体脂肪细胞的增殖和分化能力下降，致使机体持续处于游离脂肪酸过多所产生的脂毒性状态。前体脂肪细胞和巨噬细胞以部位依赖的方式影响着年龄相关的脂肪组织炎症。脂肪组织炎症进一步导致老年人脂肪生成减少，脂毒性增加，细胞应激通路激活，这加剧了前体脂肪细胞和免疫细胞的炎症反应，最终导致系统功能障碍。该文就老龄化引起的脂肪组织重新分布和代谢功能障碍研究进展作一简要综述。

Aging-caused Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Dysfunction

The total amount of fat mass and fat tissue distribution change dramatically throughout the life of a living being. In old age, fat mass is redistributed from subcutaneous site to abdominal viscera, bone-marrow, muscle, liver and other ectopic sites, which causes the dysfunction of adipose tissue and increases the risk of meta- bolic syndrome. With aging, declines in preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation contribute to increased sys- temic exposure to lipotoxic free fatty acids. Age-associated fat tissue inflammation is related to changes of preadi- pocyte and macrophage in a depot dependent manner. Fat tissue inflammation frequently leads to further decrease of lipogenesis, increase of lipotoxic and activation of cellular stress pathway, which aggravates the inflammation response of preadipocyte and immune cells, and leads to the systemic dysfunction finally. This review focused on the progress in the study of aging-caused fat redistribution and metabolic dysfunction.