哺乳动物精原干细胞的研究进展

精原干细胞是雄性体内可以永久维持的成体干细胞，它具有自我更新和分化的能力，保证了雄性个体生命过程中精子发生的持续进行，从而实现将遗传信息传递给下一代。精原千细胞不仅可在体外实现长期培养或诱导分化为各级生精细胞，并且可在特定条件下将其诱导去分化成为多能性干细胞。同样，这种多能性干细胞如同胚胎干细胞，可被诱导形成造血细胞、神经元细胞、肌细胞等多种类型细胞。鉴于其独具的生物学特性，精原干细胞在揭示精子的发生机制、治疗雄性不育和转基因动物等研究中具有重要价值。该文对精原干细胞在生物学特性、纯化培养、移植、体外诱导分化及其相关调控方面的各项研究进行了小结，综述了近年来的研究历程和最新研究成果。

Advances in the Research of Mammalian Spermatogonial Stem Cells

Spermatogonial stem cells （SSCs） are the adult stem cells that are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into sperm cells in the male body. SSCs can maintain capacity of spermatogenesis throughout life in males, thus transmit genetic information to next generation though sperm cells. Under in vitro culture conditions, SSCs could be induced into several cell types including hematopoietic cells, neurons and muscle cells besides various cells relative to spermatogenesis. As the cell model, SSCs become an important tool for the researches on spermatogenesis mechanism, regeneration of spermatogenesis in sterile individuals and reproduction of transgenic animals. This article reviewed recent advances in the studies including biological properties, purification, culture, transplantation, induced differentiations and molecular regulation underlining these differentiations of SSCs.