威岭栽培黑麦抗白粉病特性导入小麦的研究

威岭黑麦(Weiling rye)是一个高抗白粉病(Erysiphe gramininis f．sp．tritici)的中国矮杆栽培黑麦。以Weiling rye作为白粉病抗源,高感白粉病小麦栽培品种My8443为母本,从Weiling rye与小麦My8443远缘杂交的BC_2F_6后代中鉴定出一个新的小麦-黑麦易位系No．147,以实现威岭黑麦白粉病抗性向普通栽培小麦的转移。No．147及其亲本的抗白粉病特性通过苗期和成株期优势生理小种混合接种和室内单生理小种接种鉴定,改良的染色体C-分带和基因组原位杂交技术(GISH。Ge- nomic in situ hybridization)被用于鉴定小麦和黑麦的染色质,酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(APAGE)被用于鉴定黑麦醇溶蛋白1RS特异条带,11个黑麦种属特异性标记SCM(Secale cereale marker)引物被用于扩增分析黑麦特异性简单重复序列(SSR)。研究结果证实No．147是一个新的高抗白粉病的1BL/1RS小麦-黑麦染色体易位系,并对其产生的细胞学机制进行了分析。论文对中国栽培黑麦抗性基因资源的利用和该易位系在小麦遗传育种改良中的利用价值进行了讨论。

STUDY ON POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE TRANSFER FROM S. CEREALE L.cv. WEILING RYE INTO WHEAT

Weiling rye(S.cereale L.cv.),a Chinese dwarf rye,confers high powdery mildew (Erysiphe gramininis f.sp.tritici)in China.My8443,a wheat cultivars infecting seriously powdery mildew disease,was used as the female parent and Weiling rye was used as the donor of powdery mildew resistance in the study.A new wheat-rye translocation line,named No.147,was developed from BC2F6 progenies of wheat cultivars My8443 and Weiling rye to transfer the resistance from Weiling rye to common wheat.The powdery mildew resistance of No.147 and its parents were in- vestigated in seedling and adult stages by artificially inoculating the mixture of advanced pathogenic races in room and field and the single pathogenic race in room.Improved Giemsa C- banding technique and genomic in situ hybridization(GISH,Genomic in situ hybridization)were used to identify wheat and rye chromosomes.Acid polyacylamide gel electrophoresis(APAGE)sep- aration of endosperm gliadin and simple sequence repeat(SSR)PCR amplification of 11 SCM-Se- cole cereale markers also were employed for 1RS confirmation in the study.The results showed that No.147 was a new 1BL/1RS wheat-rye chromosome translocation with high powdery mildew resistance derived from Weiling rye.The reason on the formation of the new wheat-rye chromo- some translocation was analyzed.The utilizations of resistance gene resource derived from Chinese Weiling rye and the new 1BL/1RS translocation line in wheat genetics and breeding improvement were discussed in the paper.