The production and release of an extracellular polysaccharide during starvation of a marine Pseudomonas sp. and the effect thereof on adhesion

A marine Pseudomonas sp. S9 produced and released an extracellular polysaccharide during complete energy and nutrient starvation in static conditions. The presence of the polysaccharide on the cell surface, demonstrable by immune transmission electron microscopy, correlated with changes in the degree of adhesion to hydrophobic surfaces. Polysaccharide coated cells showed a lower degree of adhesion than did cells devoid of the polymer. After 10 h of starvation, no ruthenium red stained antibody stabilized polysaccharides could be observed on the cell surface. The polysaccharide was not produced during growth since lysates of mid-log phase cells did not precipitate the antiserum. The relative proportions of sugars in the polysaccharide were 28% glucose, 35% N-acetylglucosamine and 37% N-acetylgalactosamine. The released polysaccharide did not significantly alter the physical parameters of surface tension and viscosity of the starvation regime. Cells starved in agitated conditions did not produce any extracellular polysaccharides and exhibited a different adhesion pattern to hydrophobic surfaces.Non-standard abbreviations FSS Four salt solution - GLC gas liquid chromatography - MS Mass spectrometry - NSS nine salt solution