日本刀角瓢虫对不同番茄品种的产卵选择性及其影响因素

【目的】明确日本刀角瓢虫Serangium japonicum对叶毛密度和类型不同的番茄Lycopersiconesculentum品种的产卵选择性。【方法】以4个番茄品种(砧木101、闽粉樱1号、砧木301和以色列超级金刚)作为日本刀角瓢虫的寄主植物，观察番茄叶片背面超微结构，统计叶片背面叶毛类型及密度；用叶蝶法和植株法测定日本刀角瓢虫雌成虫在带烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci卵的4个番茄品种上的产卵量占比；并测定日本刀角瓢虫在这4个番茄品种叶片上的子代及成虫表现(生长发育、繁殖和捕食能力)以及对叶片的附着力，雌成虫对4个番茄品种健康叶片和受烟粉虱为害叶片的气味选择以及4个番茄品种叶碟和植株上日本刀角瓢虫卵被同类捕食的风险。【结果】4个番茄品种叶片背面叶毛类型均具有非腺毛和腺毛，其中，非腺毛有Ⅱ, Ⅲ和Ⅴ型，腺毛有Ⅰ, Ⅳ Ⅵ和Ⅶ型，且均以Ⅴ型非腺毛密度最高。以色列超级金刚叶片背面的叶毛密度显著低于其他3个供试番茄品种。日本刀角瓢虫偏好在以色列超级金刚上产卵，在以色列超级金刚、砧木101和闽粉樱1号上的繁殖力(165~223.92粒/雌)显著高于在砧木301上的(2809粒/雌)。日本刀角瓢虫子代由卵发育至成虫的历期在闽粉樱1号上最短(15.73 d)，在砧木101上最长(23.00 d)。日本刀角瓢虫在4个番茄品种上的产卵选择性与子代表现及亲代表现无显著相关性，而与日本刀角瓢虫卵的被捕食风险存在显著正相关关系。日本刀角瓢虫在4个番茄品种上的产卵选择性与日本刀角瓢虫对番茄叶片的附着力及番茄叶片上各类型叶毛密度均无显著相关性。番茄的7种叶毛类型其叶毛密度在4个番茄品种上都存在显著差异，除番茄Ⅰ型腺毛密度与日本刀角瓢虫的繁殖力(30 d内单雌产卵量)存在显著负相关关系外，其他6种类型的叶毛密度与日本刀角瓢虫子代表现及亲代表现均无显著相关性。日本刀角瓢虫雌成虫对4个番茄品种的气味无明显偏好。日本刀角瓢虫卵在4个番茄品种叶蝶和植株上的被捕食比例差异显著。【结论】日本刀角瓢虫雌成虫偏好在叶毛密度低的番茄品种叶片上产卵，番茄腺毛对日本刀角瓢虫成虫生命活动影响显著。

Oviposition preference ofSerangium japonicum(Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) to differenttomato varieties and its influencing factors

Aim】 This study aims to explore the oviposition preference of Serangiumjaponicum to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) varieties with different densities and typesof leaf trichomes. 【Methods】 We selected four tomato varieties including Zhenmu 101,Minfenying 1, Zhenmu 301 and Yiseliechaojijingang as the host plants of S. japonicum,observed the microstructure of the abaxial leaf surface (ALS) under scanning electronicmicroscopy, and counted the types and densities of leaf trichomes on the ALS. We determinedthe proportions of eggs laid by female adults of S. japonicum on leaf discs and plants ofthe four tomato varieties bearing Bemisia tabaci eggs, the offspring and adult performancesuch as the development, fecundity and predation capability, and attachment force of S.japonicum on the leaves of the four tomato varieties, the preference of female adults of S.japonicum to the odours from healthy leaves and B. tabaci-infected leaves of the fourtomato varieties, and the risk of egg cannibalism on leaf discs and plants of four tomatovarieties. 【Results】There are type Ⅱ, type Ⅲ and type Ⅴ non-glandular trichomes, andtype Ⅰ, type Ⅳ, type Ⅵ and type Ⅶ glandular trichomes on the ALS of four tomatovarieties, and type Ⅴ trichomes have the highest density. Yiseliechaojijingang has thelowest density of leaf trichomes among the four tested tomato varieties. S. japonicumpreferred to lay eggs on the tomato variety Yiseliechaojijingang. The fecundity of S.japonicum on the tomato varieties Yiseliechaojijingang, Zhenmu 101 and Minfenying 1 (165-223.92 eggs per female) was significantly higher than that on the tomato variety Zhenmu301 (28.09 eggs per female). S. japonicum offspring had the shortest developmentalduration (egg to adult duration) (15.73 d) on Minfenying 1, while had the longestdevelopmental duration (23.00 d) on Zhenmu 101. However, the proportions of S. japonicumeggs laid on the four tomato varieties had no significant correlation with the offspringand adult performance, but were positively correlated with the risk of egg cannibalism. Theproportions of S. japonicum eggs laid on the four tomato varieties had no significantcorrelation with the attachment force and the density of leaf trichomes on the ALS. Thedensities of the seven types of trichomes were significantly different among the fourtomato varieties. The density of type Ⅰ glandular trichomes was negatively correlated withthe fecundity (number of eggs laid per female in 30 d) of S. japonicum, but the density ofthe other six types of trichomes had no correlation with the offspring and adultperformance of S. japonicum. The female adults of S. japonicum had no obvious preference toodours from the four tomato varieties. The proportions of eggs consumed by cannibalistic S.japonicum on leaf discs and plants of the four tomato varieties were significantlydifferent. 【Conclusion】Female adults of S. japonicum prefer to lay eggs on leaves oftomato varieties with low density of leaf trichomes, and tomato glandular trichomes havegreat influence on the life activities of S. japonicum adults.