Stachybotrys chartarum: current knowledge of its role in disease

Stachybotrys chartarum is one of several species of filamentous fungi capable of producing mycotoxins under certain environmental conditions. In some observational studies, the growth of this toxigenic mold in the indoor environment has been implicated as a cause of building-related illness. Following reports of a cluster of cases of pulmonary hemosiderosis and hemorrhage associated with exposure to Stachybotrys, public health measures have been recommended which have far-reaching implications. Although the hazards associated with exposure to some mycotoxins have been well studied, the health risks from environmental exposure to Stachybotrys remain poorly defined. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the current body of epidemiologic knowledge regarding Stachybotrys and to increase physician awareness regarding this emerging environmental health issue.