Oxidative Damage and Cognitive Dysfunction: Antioxidant Treatments to Promote Healthy Brain Aging |
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Authors: | Elizabeth Head |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Neurology, Institute for Brain Aging & Dementia, University of California, 1259 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA 92697-4540, USA |
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Abstract: | Oxidative damage in the brain may lead to cognitive impairments in aged humans. Further, in age-associated neurodegenerative
disease, oxidative damage may be exacerbated and associated with additional neuropathology. Epidemiological studies in humans
show both positive and negative effects of the use of antioxidant supplements on healthy cognitive aging and on the risk of
developing Alzheimer disease (AD). This contrasts with consistent behavioral improvements in aged rodent models. In a higher
mammalian model system that naturally accumulates human-type pathology and cognitive decline (aged dogs), an antioxidant enriched
diet leads to rapid learning improvements, memory improvements after prolonged treatment and cognitive maintenance. Cognitive
benefits can be further enhanced by the addition of behavioral enrichment. In the brains of aged treated dogs, oxidative damage
is reduced and there is some evidence of reduced AD-like neuropathology. In combination, antioxidants may be beneficial for
promoting healthy brain aging and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative disease.
Special issue article in honor of Dr. Akitne Mori. |
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Keywords: | Acetyl-l-carnitine Alzheimer disease Beagle Beta-amyloid Dog Canine Lipoic acid Oxidative damage |
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