南山茶Camellia semiserrata Chi染色体核型的分析

<正> 引言 南山茶(Camellia semiserrata Chi)又名广宁红花油茶,属山茶属(Camellia L.)山茶亚属(Subg.Camellia)红山茶组(Sect.Camellia),分布于我国广东和广西。南山茶的种子油可供食用,为我国南方主要油料经济树种之一,花红色,形大而艳丽,可供观赏。 山茶属植物约共二百种,但已做过染色体计数者仅47种,做过核型分析者则不超过10种。本文提供的南山茶染色体核型的资料将有助于山茶属植物的遗传育种工作和属内系

KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS IN CAMELLIA SEMISERRATA CHI

The Chinese endemic Camellia semiserrata Chi , distributed in Guangdong and Guangxi of Scuth China, is an economic tree nowadays used as an oil-bearing crop. A karyotypical analysis of the species was carried out for the first time, and the chromosomes in growing-tip cell of stoat were found to be 2 n = 30 (Fig. 1 ). The somatic complement showed a slight variation in size, i. e., the 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, and 15th pairs had median centromeres, the 3, 6 and 8th pairs had submedian constrictions, and the 11th pair had subacrocentric constrictions. The 1st and the 11th pairs were found to have secondary constrictions. Among the chromosomes with median constrictions, cne of the 7th and the 13th pairs were SAT-chromosomes, According to the classification systems given by Levan et al.and Kato et al. , the karyotype formulas of the species are therefore K( 2n)=30 = 20m + 6sm + 2 st + m7t+ m13+and K(2n)=30 = 15v+ 13J + V7t + J13+ respectively.Camellia semiserrata and C. chekiangclecsa Hu have been treated by H. T. Chang as members of the same section- Sect. Camellia (Subg. Camellia ) , The fact that these two species have equal numbers of chromosomes possessing secondary constrictions and SAT-chromosomes as well gives support to Chang's systematic treatment.Measurements in microns of the chromosomes are given in Table 1 . Photographs and idiograms of the karyotyps are shown in E'igs.1-3. The voucher specimen-S. F. Huang 82-21 is preserved in the Institute of Subtropical Forestry Fuyang Disctrict, Zhejiang Province.