小麦化感作用研究进展

小麦是世界第一大粮食作物,在农业生产中占有重要地位.然而,由于人们为保证小麦产量往往施用大量的除草剂和杀菌剂,对环境造成了极大的危害.小麦化感作用是利用小麦活体或残体向环境中释放次生代谢物质对自身或其他生物产生作用,它克服了除草剂和杀菌剂等引起的环境污染问题,具有抑制杂草控制病害的潜力.本文对已有的小麦化感作用的研究进展情况进行了综合评述.其中小麦对杂草、虫害及病害产生防御功能的主要化感物质为异羟肟酸和酚酸类物质.小麦化感物质活性的发挥除了取决于化感物质的种类外,还由小麦自身的遗传因素、环境因素和生物因素的共同作用所决定.小麦化感物质在根际土壤中的滞留、迁移和转化过程、小麦化感作用与土壤生物的关系以及相关的作用机理是小麦化感作用研究的薄弱环节,其研究方法还需进一步探索改进.小麦化感作用在植物保护、环境保护以及作物育种等方面具有广泛的应用前景,促进了小麦抗逆性的增强以及产量和品质的提高.

Research advances in wheat (Triticum aestivum) allelopathy

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the main food crop in the world,and plays an important role in agricultural production.In order to enhance wheat yield,herbicides and germicides were intensively applied and made negative effects on the environment.Wheat possesses allelopathic potential for weed suppression and disease control through the release of secondary metabolites from its living plants or residues,which could avoid the environment pollution brought by herbicides and germicides.This paper reviewed the research advances in wheat allelopathy.Hydroxamic acids and phenolic acids are the predominant allelochemicals frequently reported which could produce plant natural defense against weed,pest and disease.The allelopathic activity of allelochemicals is determined not only by the allelochemicals,but also by the factors of inheritance,environment and biology.The retention,transportation and transformation processes of allelochemicals,and the relationship between wheat allelopathy and soil biota and its mechanism were seldom studied and still needed to be researched profoundly.Utilizing wheat allelopathy in plant protection,environment protection and crop breeding would improve the stress-resistance,yield and quality of wheat in agricultural production.