Carbohydrate utilization in the thoraces of honey bees (Apis mellifera) during early times of flight

Trehalose levels in the thoraces of honey bees did not change significantly during the first 2–4 min of flight. This effect was seen both for bees flown shortly after removal from the hive and for bees which were flown after a 2 hr starvation period. There was also no detectable activation of the trehalose in isolated mitochondria from bees flown for periods of up to 2 min. However, the glucose content of the thoraces of bees flown shortly after removal from the hive dropped dramatically during the first 15 sec of flight. There was no evidence of a transient increase in the glucose content in the thorax at any of the times studied as would be expected if trehalose were hydrolized. The drop in glucose content at early times of flight was not detected if the bees were starved for 2 hr before flight was started. The changes in fructose content of the thoraces with time were similar to those observed for glucose, but were not statistically significant due to variation among individual bees. The sucrose content of bee thoraces varied greatly and no meaningful conclusions could be reached about how it changed as a function of time of flight.