Glycoside hydrolase enzymes present in the zoospore and vegetative growth stages of the rumen fungi Neocallimastix patriciarum, Piromonas communis, and an unidentified isolate, grown on a range of carbohydrates

The rumen fungi Neocallimastix patriciarum, Piromonas communis, and a morphologically distinct but unidentified isolate were cultivated on the polysaccharides starch, cellulose, xylan, and their principal component monosaccharides and disaccharides, and the range and specific activities of the glycoside hydrolases formed were monitored using gluco-oligosaccharide and p-nitrophenyl glycoside substrates. A wide range of enzyme activities was detected in preparations from vegetative growth and zoospores of all three isolates. Enzyme activity was also present in the culture medium. The specific activities were affected by the carbohydrate source available in the growth medium, although the more active hydrolases involved in the degradation of plant structural and storage polysaccharides were formed on all seven carbohydrate sources evaluated. Enzyme activities were increased in the zoospore, vegetative, and extracellular preparations after growth on the appropriate structurally related disaccharide or polysaccharide. The hemicellulolytic glycosidases (alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase, beta-D-xylosidase) were most active after growth on xylan, whereas alpha-/beta-glucosidase activity was increased with the corresponding glucan as growth substrate. However, whereas wide-ranging beta-glucosidase activity was detected following growth on maltose or starch, the alpha-glucosidase activities of P. communis were lower or undetectable in vegetative preparations grown on glucose or the beta-glucans cellobiose and cellulose.