风电项目对潜在生态廊道的影响——基于MSPA-MCR模型

风电作为构建新型电力系统的主体，能够有效助力电力系统脱碳，是实现“双碳”目标的主力军。但风电规模化建设与生态环境保护之间的矛盾日益突出，风电项目对生态环境，尤其是对区域生态廊道及生态安全格局的影响急需厘清。以福建平潭陆上风电项目所在区域为研究单元，运用形态学空间格局分析法和最小累积阻力模型、重力模型等判别重要生态源地及潜在生态廊道，评估风电项目对潜在生态廊道连通性、重要性和结构性等影响。研究表明：(1)研究区生态源地主要位于生态价值高的森林公园及风景名胜区内。受风电项目影响，源地呈现破碎化趋势，核心区占景观要素百分比由79.53%下降至76.64%。(2)风电项目导致生态廊道畅通性降低，生态廊道的走向及长度发生显著变化，大大增加了生物迁徙的空间阻力。(3)风电项目弱化了生态源地之间关联性。核心廊道和次级廊道均减少了6条，且重要性强的生态廊道完全避开风电项目所在位置。风电项目建设之后生态网络流通性变差，网络更为单一、整体生态效能降低。本研究不仅从生态环境敏感脆弱区域的生态安全角度给风电项目建成区周边生态修复提供科学参考，也为未来风电项目选址及环境质量评估提供了重要的方法支撑。

The impact of wind power projects on potential ecological corridors based on the MSPA-MCR Model

As a new energy source, wind power is the mainstay of building a new power system, which can effectively contribute to decarbonize the power system and achieve carbon peak and neutrality targets. However, the contradiction between the large-scale construction of wind power and ecological protection is becoming increasingly prominent. It is urgent to clarify the impact of wind power projects on the ecological environment, especially on potential ecological corridors and regional ecological security patterns. This study took Pingtan as the study area, and applied Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis, Minimal Cumulative Resistance and gravity models to identify importantly ecological source sites and potential corridors. In addition, the impacts of wind power projects on the connectivity, pathways and importance of ecological corridors were assessed. The results showed that: (1) the ecological sources were mainly located in forest parks and scenic spots with high ecological value. The fragmentation of ecological source was increasing due to the impact of wind power projects. The percentage of ecological core areas decreased from 79.53% to 76.64%. (2) Wind power projects have reduced ecological corridor accessibility, significantly changed the alignment and length of ecological corridors, and greatly increased the spatial resistance for biological migration. (3) The wind power project weakened the correlation between ecological source sites. Both important and secondary corridors were reduced by six and the ecological corridors of high importance completely avoided the location of the wind power project. After the construction of wind power projects, the ecological network became less fluid, more homogeneous, and less effective overall. This study not only provided a reference for biodiversity conservation and ecological security patterns in the ecologically fragile areas around wind power projects, but also provided important methodological support for wind power project siting and environmental quality assessment.