云南不同栽培区域油梨果实品质差异分析

以云南9个不同栽培区域‘哈斯’(Hass)油梨果实为试材，在同一条件下分别观测油梨果实主要内在与外观品质，分析云南不同栽培区域油梨果实主要品质差异，为探索云南油梨栽培适宜生态区域提供借鉴。结果表明：(1)油梨果实外观品质以单果重、种子重量、可食率变异系数较大，分别达到31.31%、38.09%和8.08%,并以LJ产区的油梨单果重和可食率最大；油梨果肉内在品质中以脂肪、可溶性蛋白、维生素C(Vc)含量变异系数较大，分别为37.57%、22.42%和17.89%,脂肪含量以BS产区最高，可溶性蛋白和Vc含量均以BN产区最高。(2)油梨果实Vc、总黄酮、脂肪含量以及单果果肉重、果实纵径等显著受到树龄和气候因子的综合影响。其中：树龄与脂肪、可溶性固形物、Vc、总黄酮含量呈正相关关系，与单果果肉重呈显著负相关关系；经度与脂肪、可溶性固形物、干物质、可溶性蛋白含量呈正相关关系；纬度与可溶性固形物、果肉密度、种子长度呈正相关关系，与Vc、总黄酮含量呈显著负相关关系；海拔与脂肪、可溶性固形物、Vc、总黄酮含量呈正相关关系；年平均气温与果肉密度、单果重、单果果肉重、果实纵径呈正相关关系；年平均降雨量与...

Analysis of Fruit Quality Differences of Avocado in Different Cultivation Areas in Yunnan

Taking the fruits of Hass avocado in 9 different cultivation areas in Yunnan as test materials, we observed the main internal and external quality of avocado fruits after ripening under the same conditions, in order to analyze the main quality differences of avocado fruits in different cultivation areas in Yunnan and explore the suitable ecological region for avocado cultivation in Yunnan. The results showed that: (1) in terms of appearance indexes, the coefficient of variation of avocado single fruit weight, seed weight and edible rate in different production areas was large, which were 31.31%, 38.09% and 8.08%, respectively. The single fruit weight and edible rate of avocado in LJ production area were the largest. The coefficient of variation of fat, soluble protein and Vc contents in the internal quality of pulp was large, which were 37.57%, 22.42% and 17.89%, respectively. The production area with the highest fat content was BS, and the production area with the highest soluble protein and Vc contents was BN. (2) Correlation analysis showed that Vc, total flavonoids, fat contents, pulp weight per fruit and fruit longitudinal stem quality of avocado fruit were significantly affected by tree age and climate factors. Among them, tree age was positively correlated with fat, soluble solids, Vc and total flavonoids, and significantly negatively correlated with pulp weight per fruit. Longitude was positively correlated with fat, soluble solids, dry matter and soluble protein. Latitude was positively correlated with soluble solids, pulp density and seed length, and significantly negatively correlated with Vc and total flavonoids. Altitude was positively correlated with fat, soluble solids, Vc and total flavonoids. The annual average temperature was positively correlated with pulp density, single fruit weight, single fruit pulp weight and fruit longitudinal stem. The annual average rainfall was positively correlated with fat and soluble solids. The annual average sunshine hours were positively correlated with fat, Vc and total flavonoids. (3) Principal component analysis showed that the quality index was an important factor to evaluate the fruit quality of avocado in Yunnan, and the cumulative variance contribution rate of the four principal components was 68.955%. The result of factor analysis showed that the top three places of origin were LJ, LL and BS, which were 0.833, 0.611 and 0.551, respectively. (4) Cluster analysis showed that avocado from nine producing areas in Yunnan could be divided into three categories. The first category was GM, YD, YM and ZF. This kind of avocado fruit had the characteristics of medium fruit size, small seeds, high edible rate, high dry matter, Vc and soluble protein contents. The second category was BN and XG. This kind of avocado fruit were the points of small fruit, small seed, high edible rate, relatively high contents of Vc, soluble protein and total flavonoids, and relatively low content of dry matter fat. The third category was LJ, LL and BS, which were characterized by large fruit, many pulp, thick meat, large seeds and high contents of fat, dry matter, Vc, soluble protein and total flavonoids. It could be seen that tree age and ecological factors had a significant impact on avocado fruit quality. There were significant differences in avocado fruit quality from different places in Yunnan. LJ, LL, BS producing areas were the best ecological areas for avocado fruit comprehensive quality in Yunnan.