Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in myrtle (Myrtaceae) |
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Authors: | Jorge M Canhoto Maria L Lopes Gil S Cruz |
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Institution: | (1) Centro de Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botanica, FCTUC, Universidade de Coimbra, 3049 Coimbra codex, Portugal |
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Abstract: | Somatic embryos of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) were induced from mature zygotic embryos cultured in MS medium supplemented
with several concentrations of 2,4-D (2.26 μM – 18.98 μM) or Picloram (2.07 μM – 16.5 μM) combined with 0.087 M or 0.23 M
sucrose. For all the concentrations of 2,4-D or Picloram tested, 0.087 M sucrose proved to be more effective than 0.23 M.
The best frequencies of induction were obtained in a medium containing 2.26 μM 2,4-D in which 97.3% of the explants produced
somatic embryos. Although most embryos were produced from the adaxial side of the cotyledons, some of them differentiated
from the hypocotyl. Secondary somatic embryos were often seen arising from the periphery of the former somatic embryos. Somatic
embryo development was not synchronous but practically all the embryos germinated well after being transferred to media containing
GA3 (0.29, 0.58 and 1.44 μM) alone. When benzyladenine was combined with gibberellic acid, germinating somatic embryos produced
adventitious shoot buds which contributed to an increase in plantlet regeneration. Histological observations suggested that
somatic embryos arise from the upper surface of the cotyledons probably from peripheral cells. Polyphenol-rich cells were
usually seen in association with meristematic-like cells from which somatic embryos originate or with earlier steps of somatic
embryo differentiation. Regenerated plants were phenotypically normal, showing a diploid (2n = 22) set of chromosomes.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | germination histology Myrtus communis sucrose |
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