不同葡萄品种柱头、花柱发育与种子形成的关系

对‘京秀’、‘香妃’(二倍体)和‘黑奥林’、‘巨峰’(四倍体)葡萄品种的柱头、花柱发生发育以及花粉管在雌蕊中生长与坐果和果实中种子形成的关系进行了研究。结果显示:‘京秀’、‘香妃’的坐果率和果实中的种子数明显高于‘黑奥林’和‘巨峰’,而‘巨峰’葡萄的坐果率和种子数最低。开花期‘京秀’和‘香妃’的花柱直径略小于‘黑奥林’和‘巨峰’,但花柱中部引导组织的直径和引导组织所占花柱的比例却大于‘黑奥林’和‘巨峰’;半实心花柱的比例也高于‘黑奥林’和‘巨峰’,说明花柱中引导组织的结构和发育状况可能与坐果和果实中种子形成有关;人工授粉24 h后,在‘京秀’和‘香妃’雌蕊中花粉管的生长速度快于‘黑奥林’和‘巨峰’,授粉后48 h‘京秀’和‘香妃’雌蕊中到达各部位的花粉管数要多于‘黑奥林’和‘巨峰’,授粉后72 h各品种到达子房各部位的花粉管数开始减少。表明‘京秀’和‘香妃’花柱中引导组织较为发达,而且半实心花柱比例也较高,有利于花粉管在雌蕊中的生长和完成授粉受精,使‘京秀’和‘香妃’的坐果率和果实中种子的形成都较高。

Development of Stigma and Style and Formation of Seed with Four Grapevine Cultivars

A relationship between stigma,style initiation and development,pollen tube growth in pistil and fruit set,seed formation in fruit were researched in four grapevine cultivars,which are:'Jingxiu','Xiangfei'(diploid),'Heiaolin' and 'Kyoho'(tetraploid).The results showed that the rate of berry set in 'Jingxiu' and 'Xiangfei' were significantly higher than that in 'Heiaolin' and 'Kyoho'.The former two cultivars also had more seeds than the latter two have.The rate of berry set and seed number per berry of 'Kyoho' was the lowest in these four grapevine cultivars.Stigma and style developed to the best level in anthesis period.The diameters of style in 'Jingxiu' and 'Xiangfei' were smaller than that in 'Heiaolin' and 'Kyoho',but the diameters of transmitting tissues in the middle of style and the ratio of those transmitting tissue diameters to stylar diameter in 'Jingxiu','Xiangfei' were higher than that in 'Heiaolin' and 'Kyoho';The percentage of semi-closed styles in 'Jingxiu' and 'Xiangfei' were higher than that in 'Heiaolin' and 'Kyoho'.These results suggested that the development extent of transmitting tissue in style and stylar structure might be related with berry set and seed formation in fruit.After 24 hours of artificial pollination,few pollen tubes reached base of ovary in 'Jingxiu','Xiangfei',whereas in 'Heiaolin' and 'Kyoho',pollen tubes just reached the middle part of the ovary after 48 hours of pollination,pollen tubes reached micropyle in all grapevine cultivars,but the number of pollen tubes in several position of pistil for 'Jingxiu','Xiangfei' were more than that for 'Heiaolin' and 'Kyoho',after 72 hours,pollen tubes reached several positions decreased.There was no evident differences among these grapevine cultivars.These results indicated transmitting tissues of style in 'Jingxiu' and 'Xiangfei' were well developed and higher rates of semi-closed styles in them enhanced pollen tube growth and pollination and eventually resulted in a higher rate of berry set and seed formation.